BUG: fix #59950 handle duplicate column names in dataframe queries (#59971)

fix: #59950 handle duplicate column names in dataframe queries

- Fixed an issue where `Dataframe.query()` would throw an unexpected
  error

- The error was caused by `self.dtypes[k]`

- Adjusted the behavior to match the behavior prior to pandas version

- Added tests to ensure that `Dataframe.query()` works as expected

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>